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Carl Irving Wheat (December 5, 1892 – June 23, 1966). California lawyer, historical cartographer, was born in Massachusetts to Congregational Church minister Frank Irving Wheat and Catherine Isabel Pearce. In 1898 his parents moved the family to California. Wheat graduated from Pomona College in 1915 and served as an ambulance driver during the First World War. Discharged from service, he was admitted to Harvard Law School and took his LL.B. in 1920. Wheat returned to California, where his legal practice centered on public and private utility law. He joined the California Railroad Commission in 1922, eventually becoming its chief counsel. He returned to private practice in San Francisco in 1929, then served on the legal staff of the Federal Communications Commission between 1936 and 1938. Until 1957 when he retired, Wheat interspersed public appointments with private legal activity. He served as a Trustee of Pomona College and was awarded an honorary degree from that institution in 1959. Wheat was a member of San Francisco's elite Bohemian Club and participated activity in its encampments. He also participated in the resurrection of E Clampus Vitus. Through his social activity he was introduced to Henry R. Wagner, who introduced his friend to history and the California Historical Society. Wheat was editor for the Society's journal between 1927 and 1933. In 1949 Wheat published a bibliography of work on the Gold Rush, ''Books of the California Gold Rush.'' In 1953 Wheat rediscovered a copy of the 1846 Fremont map in the collection of the American Geographical Society that bore manuscript emendations by George Gibbs. Gibbs had transferred the data onto the map from an unknown source. The pencilled additions showed the travels by western explorer and fur trader Jedediah Smith. With the help of Smith biographer and Bancroft Library historian Dale L. Morgan, Wheat was able to show that the emendations were likely a transcription from a long-lost map by Smith from the late 1820s. The pair released their findings in California Historical Society special publication ''Jedediah Smith and His Maps of the American West'' in 1954, the year after Morgan's ''Jedediah Smith and the Opening of the West'' (Bobbs-Merrill, 1953) appeared in print. Wheat's work as a student of Western American maps was capped by a book series, ''Mapping the Transmississippi West, 1540-1861,'' which appeared in five folio volumes (the last in two parts) between 1957 and 1963. Written with the research and editorial cooperation of Dale Morgan, the volumes describe unfolding geographic knowledge and important maps of the West's exploration and migration, from the Spanish discovery to the opening of the Civil War. Wheat incorporated and financed the Institute for Historical Cartography as the first volume was going to press in an effort to guarantee publication of the massive volumes and to dodge the onus of self publication. Wheat was awarded the Henry R. Wagner Memorial Award from the California Historical Society in 1950, and in 1954, following publication of the first volume of ''Mapping the Transmississippi West'' and the study of the Fremont-Gibbs-Smith map, was elected to membership in the American Antiquarian Society. Wheat suffered a stroke in June 1955, which delayed production of his historical cartography. He recovered physically, but in August the same year suffered a second stroke which left him only limited use of his right hand. He dictated much of volumes 2–4 to a secretary, correcting proofs left-handed. In May 1961 Wheat suffered a third stroke that completely incapacitated him. Morgan, who had participated as a confidant and editor for most of the work but remained in the background, produced the two-part fifth and concluding volume from Wheat's collection of map, map photostats, notes, and his own massive research files. Carl Wheat suffered a fifth, massive stroke in June 1966 and died at home several weeks later. ==Marriage and children== *(Francis Millspaugh Wheat ) (1921-2000) Author of (''California Desert Miracle: The Fight for Desert Parks and Wilderness'' ). *(Richard Pierce Wheat ) (July 24, 1924-) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carl Irving Wheat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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